The Ruler Archetype: Core Desire, Shadow Side and How It Shows Up
The Ruler archetype is the pattern in the psyche that takes responsibility for a whole system and cannot rest while any part of it is unstable. Its core desire is a domain that works, its core fear is chaos on its own watch, and its shadow splits into the Tyrant who controls everything and the Weakling who holds the title but will not decide. This guide covers the Ruler archetype meaning, Jung's king motif, the Ruler archetype shadow, and how the Ruler differs from the Hero, Caregiver, Magician and Sage.
What is the Ruler archetype?
The Ruler archetype is the pattern in the psyche that takes responsibility for a whole system and works to make it orderly, prosperous and safe. Its instruments are authority, structure, standards and resources, and its measure of a good life is not adventure or insight but a domain that runs well and provides for the people inside it. The Ruler archetype goes by many names: the King, the Sovereign, the Chief, the Boss, the Judge, the Aristocrat. In the twelve-archetype system Carol Pearson developed and later applied to branding with Margaret Mark, the Ruler sits in the group whose task is to provide structure to the world, alongside the Creator and the Caregiver. All three build; the Ruler is the one who builds an order that other people then have to live inside. In practice the Ruler archetype is recognizable long before anyone hands it a title. It is the person who notices the fire exits, who asks who is actually accountable for a decision, who rewrites the shared calendar without being asked, and who feels a permanent low hum of responsibility for things that are technically not their job. That hum is the archetype talking.
What separates the Ruler archetype from ordinary competence is the scope of what it feels answerable for. The Ruler feels the whole thing as an extension of itself, so a failure three departments away registers as a personal wound. Because the Ruler identifies with the domain, it will spend money, sleep and reputation on it without being asked, and will keep spending long after any reasonable person would have walked away. It is also why the Ruler struggles to be a guest anywhere. Handed someone else's badly chaired meeting, the Ruler does not relax into it; it starts quietly reorganizing. Spiritually this is the archetype of stewardship, and traditions that take power seriously treat it as a burden accepted rather than a prize won. The Tao Te Ching names the best ruler as the one whose existence the people barely feel, and Shakespeare gives the crown the line about uneasy lying the head that wears it. Both point at the same thing: the Ruler archetype is defined by weight, not glamour, and anyone drawn to the throne for the glamour is already halfway into its shadow.
Is the Ruler archetype the same as being a boss?
No. The Ruler archetype is a relationship to responsibility rather than a position on an organization chart. Plenty of managers are Heroes chasing wins or Everymen keeping the peace, and plenty of Rulers hold no rank at all: the parent who runs a household like an institution, the club secretary who has outlasted four chairs.
What is the core desire of the Ruler archetype?
The core desire of the Ruler archetype is control, understood as a domain that behaves predictably and provides for the people in it. The Ruler is not primarily chasing status or admiration. It wants the accounts to balance and the standards to hold, and it will accept being disliked as the price.
What does the Ruler archetype look like on a good day?
On a good day the Ruler archetype is the calmest presence in a crisis. It absorbs panic instead of transmitting it, converts a mess into a sequence of decisions with names attached, and gives everyone a role within minutes. People leave the room less anxious than they entered it.
What are the core desire, core fear and hidden bargain of the Ruler archetype?
The core desire of the Ruler archetype is a prosperous, orderly domain, and its core fear is chaos, particularly chaos that happens on its own watch and reveals it as unable to hold things together. Underneath the fear of chaos sits the older fear of being overthrown, which is why even benevolent Rulers get strange around talented juniors. The hidden bargain of the Ruler archetype runs like this: I will carry everything, and in exchange I get the final say and nobody is allowed to let go of their end. That bargain works beautifully while the domain is small enough for one person to hold, and it becomes the source of the archetype's suffering the moment the domain outgrows one nervous system. What makes the bargain so hard to renegotiate is that the Ruler is usually right about the short-term facts. Things often do go wrong when the Ruler steps back, at least at first, because the system has been built around the Ruler's judgment rather than around explicit rules. Each small collapse then confirms the belief that letting go is dangerous, and the grip tightens. The Ruler archetype rarely fails through incompetence. It fails through a competence so reliable that nobody else ever had to develop any.
The deeper move underneath the Ruler archetype is a fusion of identity with domain. The Ruler runs the company, the parish or the family, and on some level experiences itself as those things. Criticism of the system is heard as personal insult. Retirement feels like a rehearsal for death, which is why so many Rulers announce a succession plan and then quietly sabotage it. It also explains the archetype's loneliness. The Ruler is surrounded by people whose livelihoods depend on its mood, which means it stops receiving honest information at exactly the point where it most needs it. Court flattery is not a medieval curiosity; it is the predictable output of any structure where one person holds the outcomes. Rulers who last build deliberate counterweights: a peer with nothing to lose, a board that can actually fire them, a partner immune to their authority. Without one, the Ruler archetype ends up governing a picture of the domain rather than the domain itself, and the gap between the two is where every ruined kingdom in literature begins.
Why does the Ruler archetype fear chaos more than failure?
The Ruler archetype can survive a failure it chose, because a chosen failure still proves the domain answered to its hand. Chaos proves the opposite: that the domain has its own motion and the Ruler is a passenger. That is unbearable to an identity built on holding things together, which is why Rulers prefer a worse plan they control.
What is the Ruler archetype's hidden bargain?
The hidden bargain of the Ruler archetype is: I will take on the weight nobody else wants, and in return I get authority over how everything is done and I never have to be vulnerable in front of you. It buys reliability at the cost of intimacy, since nobody is allowed to watch the protector struggle.
Does the Ruler archetype want power, or safety?
The Ruler archetype wants safety and reaches for power as the most reliable means to it. Power in the Ruler's hands is a load-bearing wall rather than a trophy. That is the test between a Ruler and someone merely status-hungry: the Ruler trades visible prestige for real control of the budget or the hiring.
What did Jung say about the Ruler archetype, and who named it?
Jung never published an archetype called the Ruler, but he wrote extensively about the king, and what he wrote is the most useful material in the literature. The named archetypes in Jung's own work are the persona, the shadow, the anima and animus, the Self, the mother, the child, the trickster and the wise old man. The king enters through alchemy. In Mysterium Coniunctionis, Jung works through the alchemical images of the old king who sickens, is dissolved in the bath, and is reborn young, reading the king as the ruling attitude of consciousness: the dominant, organizing principle by which a person currently runs their life. That reading changes what the Ruler archetype means. It is not only the part of you that likes being in charge of other people. It is the part of you that is in charge of you, the settled set of values and habits that decide what gets attention and what gets suppressed. Jung's point about the aging king is that every ruling attitude, however successful, eventually goes rigid and starts sterilizing the psyche it governs. It has to be dissolved before anything new can grow, and it will resist that dissolution with everything it has, because from the inside its own rigidity feels like principle.
The Ruler label as most people meet it today comes from Carol Pearson, whose twelve-archetype framework in Awakening the Heroes Within placed the Ruler among the patterns available at each stage of a life, and from The Hero and the Outlaw, which Pearson wrote with Margaret Mark to apply the twelve to brand strategy. That book is why marketing departments cheerfully file Rolex, Mercedes-Benz and American Express under the Ruler: heritage, authority, membership, the promise that buying in makes you part of an established order. The richest post-Jungian treatment of the king archetype is Robert Moore and Douglas Gillette's King, Warrior, Magician, Lover from 1990. Moore and Gillette describe the King in fullness as doing two things: ordering, which means creating the structure within which others can live and work, and blessing, which means seeing another person's worth and saying so with the weight of authority behind it. They also give the Ruler archetype shadow its clearest map, as a split between the Tyrant and the Weakling.
Is the Ruler one of Jung's own archetypes?
No. The Ruler archetype is not on any list Jung himself published. Searches for the Jung Ruler archetype usually land on Carol Pearson's twelve-archetype system, which borrowed Jung's concept of archetypes and added names he never used, including Ruler, Explorer and Jester. Jung's own material lives in his writing on the king in alchemy.
What did Jung mean by the old king who must be renewed?
In Jung's reading of alchemical texts, the king stands for the ruling attitude of consciousness, and the recurring image of the old king dying or dissolving describes the necessary collapse of a value system that has stopped producing life. Midlife crises, career reversals and the loss of a faith all fit the pattern of a king who ruled well and stayed too long.
Who wrote most about the King and Ruler archetype after Jung?
Robert Moore and Douglas Gillette gave the King the fullest post-Jungian treatment in King, Warrior, Magician, Lover, including the Tyrant and Weakling shadow poles and the King's function of blessing. Carol Pearson supplied the name and the popular framework, first in Awakening the Heroes Within and then with Margaret Mark in The Hero and the Outlaw.
What is the Ruler archetype shadow?
The Ruler archetype shadow splits into two opposite failures. The active pole is the Tyrant: control that has stopped serving the domain and now serves the Ruler's fear. The Tyrant micromanages, sets rules that apply to everyone except itself, tests loyalty instead of competence, humiliates in public and calls it high standards, and reacts to a talented subordinate the way a body reacts to an infection. The passive pole is the Weakling, sometimes called the Abdicator: the person who keeps the crown, the salary and the parking space while refusing to make a single decision that could be traced back to them. The Weakling looks harmless and is not, because a vacuum at the top forces everyone below into guesswork and quiet factional war. Both poles come from the same root. When identity fuses with the crown rather than with the work, every decision becomes a referendum on the self. The Tyrant answers that by crushing anything that could return an unwelcome verdict. The Weakling answers by never letting a verdict be taken. Neither can do what a whole Ruler does easily, which is to be wrong out loud on a Tuesday and carry on governing on Wednesday.
The everyday signatures of the Ruler archetype shadow are worth naming because they rarely announce themselves as power abuse. There is the sentence I am the only one here who actually cares, which converts exhaustion into moral superiority and justifies taking back every task that was delegated. There is the reorganization launched whenever the Ruler feels personally threatened, since a restructure is a socially acceptable way to move enemies. There is the standard that keeps rising so no subordinate's work is ever quite finished, which guarantees the Ruler stays necessary. And there is succession behavior, the most reliable diagnostic of all: a Ruler in shadow appoints a successor who is visibly not good enough, then uses the failure as proof that nobody else could do it. Watch for the moment a Ruler's language shifts from the plural to the possessive, from our team to my people, from the company to what I built. That grammatical slide almost always arrives before the behavior does, and it is the earliest warning that the archetype has stopped serving the domain and started feeding on it.
Why does the Ruler archetype shadow micromanage?
The Ruler archetype shadow micromanages because delegation requires tolerating a period in which the outcome is uncertain and someone else is holding it. For an identity fused with the domain, that interval feels like free fall. Micromanagement is less a belief that others are incompetent than an inability to sit in the gap between handing something over and finding out how it went.
What is the difference between the Tyrant and the Weakling in the Ruler archetype shadow?
The Tyrant pole of the Ruler archetype shadow grips: it controls detail, punishes dissent and cannot bear a rival. The Weakling pole abdicates: it keeps the title and privileges but refuses to decide, leaving subordinates to guess and then blaming them for guessing wrong. Moore and Gillette treat them as two faces of the same immature King.
How does the Ruler archetype shadow treat successors?
The Ruler archetype shadow treats a successor as a countdown clock. It promotes people who cannot threaten it, keeps the genuinely capable one a level below the decision, withholds the relationships that would make handover possible, and reverses its own delegations at the first stumble. The result is a family or company that cannot survive the Ruler.
How does the Ruler archetype appear in myth and story?
Myth tells the Ruler archetype through the fate of kingdoms rather than through the ruler's inner life, because in this pattern the two are the same thing. Cronus swallows each of his children to prevent the prophecy that a son will overthrow him, which is the Tyrant pole rendered as literally as it can be: the ruler who consumes the future to protect the present. The Fisher King carries the other half of the pattern. Wounded and unable to heal, he presides over a land gone barren in sympathy with him, and the kingdom cannot be restored until a visitor asks the right question about the wound. That is the Ruler archetype's central claim in story form: the condition of the domain reports the condition of the one who holds it. Arthur is the counterweight, the ruler whose defining act is a round table at which no seat outranks another. James George Frazer built The Golden Bough around the sacred king at Nemi, who holds office only until a challenger kills him, fixing the archetype's oldest terms: the crown is borrowed and the successor is already walking toward you.
Shakespeare supplies the two clearest case studies in the Ruler archetype shadow. Lear performs the Weakling's move exactly, giving away the kingdom while demanding the deference of a king, and discovering that authority does not survive being detached from responsibility. Macbeth performs the Tyrant's, seizing the crown and then finding that a throne taken by murder must be defended by more murder, until the country is a wasteland and the ruler cannot sleep. Tolkien puts both poles beside a whole Ruler: Denethor, the steward who burns himself rather than yield an office he was only ever holding for someone else, against Aragorn, whose kingship is confirmed by healing the wounded before any crown is placed on him. Mufasa orders a kingdom he explains as a circle he serves, while Scar rules for appetite and inherits a scorched land. In tarot the archetype belongs to the Emperor, the fourth trump, seated on stone with ram heads at the corners and dry mountains behind him in the deck Pamela Colman Smith illustrated in 1909.
Which mythic figure is the clearest Ruler archetype?
The Fisher King is the clearest single image of the Ruler archetype, because the story makes the link explicit: the king is wounded, so the land is a wasteland, and neither can be healed separately. For the shadow pole, Cronus swallowing his children to forestall his overthrow is the sharpest version, and for the mature pole, Arthur's round table.
Which tarot cards correspond to the Ruler archetype?
The Emperor is the primary tarot correspondence for the Ruler archetype: authority, structure, boundaries and the responsibility that comes with a throne. The Hierophant carries the Ruler's institutional face, guardian of doctrine and precedent. Among the court cards, the King of Pentacles is the Ruler at its most grounded, holding land and dependents, while the King of Swords rules through law.
Which films and series are built on the Ruler archetype?
The Lion King is a Ruler archetype story in its purest popular form, contrasting Mufasa's stewardship with Scar's appetite. The Godfather traces a reluctant heir hardening into a sovereign. Succession is four seasons of a Ruler refusing to die, and The Lord of the Rings sets Denethor's collapse against Aragorn's assumption of the same weight.
How does the Ruler archetype show up in work, money and relationships?
At work the Ruler archetype gravitates to anything where one person must own an outcome that many people touch. Founders and owner-operators, head teachers, surgeons who run a theatre, restaurateurs, ward sisters, tournament directors, church wardens, chiefs of staff, the partner who owns the client relationship rather than the billable hours. The tell is not seniority but the instinct to build the machine rather than work inside someone else's. A Ruler given a broken process will not complain about it twice; it will rewrite the process, circulate the new version, and be quietly annoyed that this took a whole weekend nobody will ever know about. With money the Ruler archetype behaves differently from every other pattern. Money is not pleasure, freedom or proof of talent; it is infrastructure and insurance, the buffer between the domain and chaos. Rulers make wills early, keep more cash than their accountant recommends, insure things other people gamble on, and spend heavily on quality that lasts while balking at anything disposable. The luxury a Ruler buys is durability with a lineage attached, which is exactly why heritage brands aim at this archetype.
In relationships the Ruler archetype loves through provision and problem-solving, and this is genuinely love rather than a substitute for it. Being with a Ruler feels safe: the mortgage is handled, the difficult phone call gets made, the holiday is booked with contingency plans. It can also feel managed. The characteristic friction is that the Ruler offers a solution when a partner wanted company in a feeling, then experiences the rejection of the solution as a rejection of the care behind it. The other friction is receiving. A Ruler will fund, host, drive, arrange and rescue, then become visibly uncomfortable when someone tries to look after it in return, because the whole architecture of the archetype rests on being the one who does not need. In family systems the Ruler is often the eldest child of a chaotic house, the one who took charge at eleven because someone had to, and who has never been off duty since. That origin explains the archetype's most poignant feature: it looks like a person who wants power, and it is frequently a person who never got to be looked after.
What kind of work suits the Ruler archetype?
The Ruler archetype does best where authority and accountability sit in the same pair of hands: running an organization or a unit inside one, operations, governance, general management, owning a practice. It does badly in roles carrying responsibility without power to change the system, which produce a corrosive frustration in this archetype that other patterns tolerate far better.
How does the Ruler archetype relate to money?
The Ruler archetype treats money as structure rather than enjoyment. It funds reserves, insurance, maintenance and things built to outlast the buyer, and it is uneasy with debt because debt hands a piece of the domain to someone else. The blind spot is spending on itself: many Rulers finance everyone else's security and cannot justify a purchase that is purely pleasure.
What is it like to be in a relationship with the Ruler archetype?
Being in a relationship with the Ruler archetype means unusual reliability and a partner who treats your problems as things to be fixed. It also means negotiating for a seat at decisions the Ruler is used to making alone, and insisting on caring for someone whose self-image depends on not needing care.
How is the Ruler archetype different from the Hero, Caregiver, Magician and Sage?
The Ruler archetype is distinguished from its neighbors by what it does after the crisis ends. The Hero wants to prove its worth through a contest and, having won, needs a new one; the Ruler wants to hold the ground the Hero took and make it produce something for twenty years. Heroes fight, Rulers govern, and an organization founded by a Hero usually stalls until a Ruler arrives to build the systems the Hero found boring. The Caregiver shares the Ruler's orientation toward the group but uses nurture instead of authority and fears being selfish rather than being powerless, so it gives until it is empty where the Ruler changes the rules. The Magician also wants to alter reality, but through hidden knowledge, transformation and leverage; the Magician is happiest when a small intervention changes everything, while the Ruler distrusts anything that cannot be documented and handed to a successor. The Sage wants to be right and will publish the uncomfortable finding; the Ruler wants it to work and will suppress the same finding if releasing it destabilizes the domain. That last difference is the sharpest test available.
Two further comparisons sharpen the Ruler archetype. Against the Creator, the difference is object: the Creator wants a made thing that expresses a vision and will happily abandon the organization around it, while the Ruler wants a functioning order and treats any single product as replaceable. Against the Rebel, the relationship is structural opposition, since the Rebel exists to break exactly what the Ruler exists to maintain. Rulers under stress see Rebels everywhere; Rebels raised by Rulers spend decades fighting a crown no longer in the room. The Jester deflates the Ruler by refusing to take the hierarchy seriously, which is why court fools were institutionalized: a functioning Ruler needs one person permitted to say the unsayable. A useful way to place yourself among these is to ask what you would do with a team suddenly left leaderless. The Hero takes the hardest task, the Caregiver checks on everyone, the Sage analyzes what went wrong, the Rebel proposes abolishing the team, and the Ruler writes the new structure by lunchtime.
What is the difference between the Ruler archetype and the Hero?
The Hero is organized around the contest and the Ruler around the aftermath. The Hero proves itself by winning something difficult and grows restless once the fight is over, while the Ruler archetype wants to hold and develop the territory for decades. Heroes make excellent founders and poor administrators; Rulers make steady administrators and can be too cautious to start from nothing.
How is the Ruler archetype different from the Caregiver?
Both the Ruler archetype and the Caregiver put the group before themselves, but the Caregiver serves through nurture and the Ruler through authority. Faced with a failing group, the Caregiver takes on more of the work personally, while the Ruler changes the structure so the work is distributed differently. The Caregiver fears being selfish; the Ruler fears being powerless.
Which archetype is the Ruler archetype's opposite?
The Rebel is the structural opposite of the Ruler archetype, since one exists to maintain the order the other exists to overturn. The Jester is the practical antidote rather than the opposite, because it punctures the Ruler's self-importance without dismantling anything, and a Ruler with nobody permitted to mock it drifts into the Tyrant pole.
How do you mature the Ruler archetype without losing its authority?
The Ruler archetype matures by moving from ownership to stewardship, which means separating the office from the person holding it. The historian Ernst Kantorowicz called this distinction the king's two bodies: the mortal individual and the enduring office that outlives him. A Ruler who has made that separation can be criticized without collapsing, can hand over a decision without feeling robbed, and can eventually leave without the domain leaving too. A Ruler who has not made it experiences every challenge as regicide. Four practices do the work. Put yourself under the rules you set, publicly and where it costs you something, because a rule the Ruler is exempt from is not a rule but a preference. Delegate whole outcomes rather than tasks, including the right to do it differently and worse than you would. Build in at least one person with standing to tell you no and no incentive to flatter you. And name and actually train a successor while you are still strong enough to find that unbearable, which is the point of doing it then rather than later. The mature Ruler archetype trades control for durability, and durability is what it wanted all along.
Moore and Gillette identify a second function of the whole King alongside ordering, which is blessing, and it is the practice most Rulers skip. Blessing means using the weight of your authority to tell a particular person that what they did was good, specifically and without immediately attaching the next demand. It costs a Tyrant something real, because acknowledging another person's power feels like subtracting from your own, and it is worthless from a Weakling because praise without standards behind it means nothing. The other practice worth naming is the absence test. Take two weeks fully out, no phone and no exceptions, and let the system prove what it can do without you. Whatever breaks is not evidence that you are irreplaceable; it is a map of the places where you built dependence on your judgment instead of a documented rule. Rulers who run this test in their forties tend to build institutions. Rulers who avoid it until forced tend to end up where Jung's alchemical texts leave the old king: ruling a sterile kingdom, unable to renew and unwilling to dissolve.
What is the abdication test for the Ruler archetype?
The abdication test asks a Ruler to leave the domain entirely for two weeks with no contact and observe what breaks. Anything that fails marks a place where the Ruler substituted personal judgment for an explicit rule someone else could follow. The test is uncomfortable because the Ruler archetype reads its own indispensability as proof of worth rather than as a design fault.
How does the Ruler archetype delegate without losing standards?
The Ruler archetype delegates well when it makes its standards explicit and testable instead of keeping them in its head as approval. Write down what finished looks like, hand over the whole outcome including the right to reach it differently, and review against the written standard. Control is you signing off; a standard is something someone else can meet without you.
What does a mature Ruler archetype look like?
A mature Ruler archetype holds authority lightly and consequences heavily. It decides quickly, states its reasoning, admits error without ceremony, promotes people who could replace it, and blesses good work plainly. It is recognizable by the state of the people around it: clear about what they own and unafraid to bring bad news early.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Ruler archetype meaning in one sentence?
The Ruler archetype is the pattern in the psyche that takes responsibility for a whole domain and works to make it orderly, prosperous and stable, using authority and structure as its instruments. It is the part of a person that counts the exits, writes the rules, and cannot enjoy the party while one thing is going wrong in the kitchen.
What are the core desire and core fear of the Ruler archetype?
The core desire of the Ruler archetype is control, meaning a domain that behaves predictably and provides for the people inside it. The core fear of the Ruler archetype is chaos, and beneath that, being overthrown or exposed as unable to hold things together. The Ruler would rather be resented while the system runs than liked while it falls apart.
Did Jung name the Ruler archetype?
Jung did not publish a list containing an archetype called the Ruler. The named figures in his own writing are the persona, the shadow, the anima and animus, the Self, the mother, the child, the trickster and the wise old man. What Jung wrote about instead was the king motif in alchemy, most fully in Mysterium Coniunctionis, where the aging king who dissolves and is reborn stands for the ruling attitude of consciousness. The label Ruler comes from Carol Pearson's twelve-archetype system.
What is the Ruler archetype shadow?
The Ruler archetype shadow has two poles, described by Robert Moore and Douglas Gillette in King, Warrior, Magician, Lover as the Tyrant and the Weakling. The Tyrant controls, humiliates, hoards decisions and treats any competent subordinate as a rival. The Weakling keeps the title and the privileges while refusing to decide, leaving the people below improvising in a vacuum. Both come from an identity fused with the crown rather than with the work.
What are examples of the Ruler archetype in myth, tarot and film?
In myth the Ruler archetype appears as Cronus swallowing his children to stop the prophecy of his overthrow, as the wounded Fisher King whose kingdom turns to wasteland with him, and as Arthur, who builds a round table so no seat outranks another. In tarot it belongs to the Emperor, seated on stone with ram heads and dry mountains behind him in the 1909 Rider-Waite deck illustrated by Pamela Colman Smith. On screen the clearest cases are King Lear, Mufasa and Scar, and Logan Roy in Succession.
Which archetype is closest to the Ruler archetype, and how do you tell them apart?
The Caregiver is closest to the Ruler archetype, because both organize their lives around the survival of a group rather than their own pleasure. The difference is instrument and fear. The Caregiver serves through nurture and dreads being seen as selfish, so it gives until depleted. The Ruler serves through authority and dreads being powerless, so it sets terms. Watch what each does when the group is failing: the Caregiver takes on more work, the Ruler changes the rules.
Can the Ruler archetype be dominant in someone with no job title or authority?
Yes. The Ruler archetype is a relationship to responsibility, not a rank. It shows up in the volunteer who ends up running the rota, the tenant who organizes the building's repairs, the eldest sibling managing a parent's care, and the nurse who reorders the supply cupboard because the current layout wastes ten minutes per patient. A Ruler without formal authority usually acquires informal authority anyway, because people hand power to whoever will carry the consequences.
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