I Ching Hexagram 28: Great Preponderance - Meaning, Changing Lines and Guidance

I Ching Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance (Da Guo), describes a load that has grown too heavy for the structure carrying it: four strong yang lines packed into the middle with a weak yin line at each end, pictured as a ridgepole sagging toward the breaking point. The Judgement still ends in success, but only for someone who moves rather than braces. Its six changing lines run from spreading white rushes under an offering to wading in until the water closes over the head.

What does I Ching Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, mean?

I Ching Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, means strength concentrated in the middle of a structure whose ends cannot bear it. The Chinese name is Da Guo, great exceeding, and the great in question is yang: four solid lines stacked from the second place to the fifth, with a broken yin line underneath them and another above. Read from the bottom up, the shape is thin, thick, thick, thick, thick, thin. The classical commentators saw a ridgepole in that outline, the long beam that carries a roof, swollen at the center and slender where it rests on the walls. Wilhelm and Baynes render the name as Preponderance of the Great; Legge transliterates it as Ta Kuo; modern translators sometimes use Critical Mass or Great Exceeding. All of them are describing the same condition, which is excess of the right kind of force in the wrong proportion. Hexagram 28 is not a hexagram of wrongdoing. Nothing in it is corrupt, weak or false. What it reports is that an extraordinary quantity has arrived in an ordinary container, and that this state is a transition rather than a settled condition.

Practitioners reading Hexagram 28 in a live consultation usually look first for what is oversized. A person carrying a department alone. Talent that has outgrown the job it sits in. Feeling that has raced ahead of any commitment. In every case the yang is genuine, which is why Hexagram 28 never counsels shrinking the thing itself. The Miscellaneous Notes commentary sums the hexagram up in two characters that mean toppling, and toppling is what happens when a load stays put too long over a base that has begun to yield. The King Wen sequence sets Da Guo directly after Hexagram 27, and the Sequence commentary explains the order by saying that once a thing is nourished it can move, so preponderance follows. Nothing here failed. Something grew, kept growing, and is now larger than its supports. Hexagram 28 asks what you intend to do about the mismatch while the beam is still bending rather than broken.

Is Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, a warning of collapse?

Hexagram 28 warns of collapse without predicting it. The Judgement names a sagging ridgepole, which is a beam under load and still standing, not a beam that has snapped. Only the third line of Hexagram 28 carries the actual verdict of misfortune, and it earns that by holding rigid. The hexagram treats collapse as the outcome of refusing to act, not as the fixed end of the situation.

What does the name Da Guo mean in Hexagram 28?

Da Guo, the Chinese name of Hexagram 28, means great exceeding or great passing beyond. Da means great and refers here to the yang lines, which outnumber the yin four to two and occupy the load-bearing middle. Guo means to pass over, exceed or go too far. The name states the structural fact before it states any moral: the great has gone past its limit.

What does Hexagram 28 say about timing?

Hexagram 28 treats its own situation as temporary and exceptional. The commentary on the Judgement closes by exclaiming that great indeed is the time of Da Guo, a formula reserved in the Book of Changes for extraordinary intervals. The practical reading is that ordinary rules are suspended for a limited period, that the period will not extend itself, and that whatever is going to be done should be done inside it.

Which two trigrams form Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, and why does their combination produce this meaning?

Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, is Xun below and Dui above: wood and wind under the lake. Xun is the trigram with a broken line at the bottom and two solid lines above it, associated with wood, the tree, wind, penetration and the eldest daughter. Dui has a broken line at the top over two solid lines and stands for the lake or marsh, the mouth, openness, joy and the youngest daughter. Stack the lake on top of the wood and you get the Image the classic gives: the lake rises above the trees. That is not irrigation. Water standing higher than a treetop means the trees are under it. Wood belongs on the surface of water, and here it is held below, which is why Hexagram 28 reads as pressure applied to something that ought to be buoyant. The construction is also self-explaining. The single yin line of Xun sits at the bottom of the whole figure and the single yin line of Dui sits at the top, so both soft places land exactly where a beam takes its bearing, and everything solid piles up in between.

Xun and Dui also explain how Hexagram 28 feels to the person receiving it. Xun means to enter, and a load resting on Xun sinks rather than meets resistance. The ground gives. Dui is a marsh, an open body of water with no banks worth speaking of. Nothing above is contained and nothing below pushes back. The Great Commentary preserves a striking association with this pairing: it describes how the ancients, who once buried their dead in open country under brushwood, later adopted the inner and outer coffin, and it credits that invention to Da Guo. Wood surrounded and set down under the marsh is the picture. That association is not a death omen; it marks Hexagram 28 as the hexagram of the heavy, solemn, irreversible thing, the moment where something is placed beyond recall. Xun and Dui together are usually read as gentle and joyous, and the Judgement commentary uses both words, but here the gentleness is a yielding foundation and the joy is water with nowhere to stop.

What does the lower trigram Xun contribute to Hexagram 28?

Xun contributes the wood and the yielding base of Hexagram 28. As the tree it supplies the poplar that appears in the second and fifth lines, sprouting at the root and later flowering. As the penetrating trigram it supplies the sensation of a weight going into its support rather than resting on it, which is why the foundation of Hexagram 28 gives way instead of cracking.

What does the upper trigram Dui contribute to Hexagram 28?

Dui contributes the lake standing over the trees in Hexagram 28, and with it the sense of surplus that spreads without limit. Dui is the marsh, water that has no banks, so the excess in Hexagram 28 is not channeled anywhere. Dui also brings joy and the open mouth, which is why the hexagram can carry pleasure and dread at once rather than pure alarm.

Why is wood under the lake a picture of strain in Hexagram 28?

Wood under the lake is strain in Hexagram 28 because wood floats by nature and is being held down against it. A submerged tree is not destroyed at once, but it is in a position it cannot maintain, and the force keeping it there is passive weight rather than an enemy. That is the exact quality of Hexagram 28: nothing is attacking, and something is still being crushed.

What does the Judgement of Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, say?

The Judgement of Hexagram 28 in the Wilhelm and Baynes translation reads: Preponderance of the Great. The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. It furthers one to have somewhere to go. Success. Three moves are packed into that. First a diagnosis, the warped beam, which in the Chinese is dong nao, the ridgepole bending. Then a prescription, which uses the standard oracular formula meaning that it is favorable to have a destination, to be going somewhere, to have an undertaking underway. Then a verdict, heng, success or a way through. The order matters more than any single phrase. The success of Hexagram 28 is attached to the movement, not offered independently of it. Nothing in the Judgement suggests reinforcing the beam, adding a second beam, or waiting for the load to lighten on its own. The relief comes from having a direction. A weight that is traveling somewhere stops being a static load, and Hexagram 28 is a hexagram about static loads. Received on a question about whether to keep enduring, this Judgement is close to a straight answer: enduring in place is the one option it declines to bless.

The commentary attached to the Judgement fills in why success is possible at all. It notes that the strong lines are in excess, then immediately observes that the second and the fifth line are central, the two most authoritative positions in any hexagram. Excessive force with a sound center is workable. The final line of the commentary is an exclamation that the time of Da Guo is great indeed. Practitioners therefore treat Hexagram 28 as a hexagram of extraordinary measures rather than of failure: what would be reckless under settled conditions may be right here, because the load has already suspended them. In practice the phrase about having somewhere to go demands a specific destination, not general activity. Busy work under Hexagram 28 counts as standing still. A decision, a departure, a filing, a conversation that changes the arrangement, a transfer of the weight to a structure built for it: those qualify.

What does the sagging ridgepole in Hexagram 28 stand for?

The sagging ridgepole in Hexagram 28 stands for the single load-bearing element in a situation, bending because everything rests on it. In a household that is often one earner or one caretaker. In a business it is one client, one product or one person who knows the system. The image is precise about the failure mode: not attack from outside, but deflection under weight the ends were never sized for.

Why does the Judgement of Hexagram 28 promise success?

The Judgement of Hexagram 28 promises success because the excess in it is genuine strength, and because the second and fifth places, the centers of the two trigrams, are both held by solid lines. The commentary makes the argument explicitly, pairing the overload with that central firmness before permitting forward movement. Hexagram 28 has too much of a good thing rather than too little of it.

What does it furthers one to have somewhere to go mean in Hexagram 28?

In Hexagram 28 the phrase means that the situation improves once the load is in motion toward a named destination. It is the classic formula li you you wang, favorable to have a place to go. Under this hexagram it is a prescription: choose the direction, move the weight into it, and stop treating the sagging beam as something to be held indefinitely in place.

What is the Image of Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, and what does it ask of a person?

The Image of Hexagram 28 reads: the lake rises above the trees, the image of Preponderance of the Great. Thus the superior man, when he stands alone, is unconcerned, and if he has to renounce the world, he is undaunted. Two conditions are named, and the Chinese for each is compact: standing alone without fear, and withdrawing from the age without resentment. Neither clause tells you to lower the water. The Image of Hexagram 28 is not about repairing the flood; it is about how a person holds their footing while the flood is over their head. Under most hexagrams the Image recommends organizing, dividing, teaching or accumulating. Here it recommends composure in isolation, which is an unusual instruction and a revealing one. Great Preponderance describes a stretch in which the ordinary supports are underwater, so the usual sources of confirmation are not available. Colleagues will not understand the decision. The family will not endorse it. The Image treats that as the expected weather of Hexagram 28 rather than as evidence that you have chosen wrongly, and it asks for equanimity rather than for a defense.

The two clauses of the Image map neatly onto the structure of Hexagram 28. Standing alone without fear belongs to the mass of yang in the middle, force that has no company at its own level and must be its own support. Renouncing the world without resentment belongs to the yin at the top, the soft line where the hexagram opens out and lets go. Readers use the Image of Hexagram 28 as a conduct standard rather than as a forecast. It gives no schedule and names no reward. When Hexagram 28 comes up for someone who has been agonizing over how isolated a course of action has made them, the Image is the part of the hexagram to sit with, because it reframes the isolation as the correct posture for the interval. It does not, however, license grievance. Undaunted and without resentment are conditions of the instruction, not decorations on it.

What does the lake rises above the trees mean in Hexagram 28?

In Hexagram 28 the lake rising above the trees means water has climbed past its natural level until it covers what should stand above it. Trees ordinarily overlook a marsh. When the marsh is overhead, proportion has reversed. The Image uses it as the visual definition of great preponderance: not a storm, not a wave, just an excess that has quietly risen above the line where it belongs.

Why does the Image of Hexagram 28 talk about standing alone?

The Image of Hexagram 28 talks about standing alone because the hexagram describes a load one member is carrying by itself. Structurally the yang lines have no yin support at their own level, and situationally the person who receives Hexagram 28 is usually the one holding the weight. The Image asks for that isolation to be borne without alarm rather than argued out of.

Does the Image of Hexagram 28 advise withdrawing from a situation?

The Image of Hexagram 28 permits withdrawal and specifies the manner rather than the timing. Its second clause says that if the person must renounce the world, they do so undaunted and without resentment. That is a conditional, not a command to leave. Combined with the Judgement, which calls for having somewhere to go, it favors a deliberate departure over either a bitter exit or an indefinite stay.

What do changing lines 1, 2 and 3 of Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, mean?

The first three changing lines of Hexagram 28 cover preparation, renewal and rigidity. Six at the beginning reads: to spread white rushes underneath, no blame. Soft matting is laid under a heavy or sacred object before it is set down, and this yin line at the foot of the hexagram is the padding beneath the whole load. Moving, it turns Hexagram 28 into Hexagram 43, Break-through. Nine in the second place reads: a dry poplar sprouts at the root, an older man takes a young wife, everything furthers. The withered tree puts out new shoots from the base, and this strong line draws life from the yielding line directly below it. Moving, it produces Hexagram 31, Influence, the hexagram of courtship. Nine in the third place reads: the ridgepole sags to the breaking point, misfortune. This is a solid line in a solid place at the top of the lower trigram, strength doubled where the structure is already strained, and it accepts nothing under it. Moving, it produces Hexagram 47, Oppression.

The three lines make a sequence worth reading as one movement. The Great Commentary preserves a remark on the first line to the effect that setting the object on the bare ground would have been enough, so laying white rushes beneath it can hardly be blamed. Excessive care at the start of an excessive undertaking costs nothing and is the cheapest insurance in the hexagram. The second line then shows what that care buys: regeneration entering at the root, from below, exactly where a top-heavy figure needs it. The third line shows the alternative. It has a correspondent above it at the sixth place and could be supported, but a yang line in a yang position at the top of its trigram is at maximum stiffness, and the classic gives it the plain verdict of misfortune. That it changes into Hexagram 47, Oppression, the hexagram of exhaustion and a dried-up pool, tells you where unaided rigidity leads under Great Preponderance.

Why is line 1 of Hexagram 28 about white rushes?

Line 1 of Hexagram 28 uses white rushes because it is the base of a hexagram whose whole problem is weight on a weak footing. Ritual practice laid soft white matting under an offering before placing it. As the bottom yin line, it is the padding itself, and its verdict is no blame. It counsels care that looks excessive, taken before any weight arrives.

What does the older man and the young wife in line 2 of Hexagram 28 mean?

Line 2 of Hexagram 28 pairs a dry poplar sprouting at the root with an older man taking a young wife because both describe age drawing renewal from youth. The strong second line sits directly above the yin line at the base and takes support from it. The classic reads the mismatch as fertile, closing with the rare phrase that there is nothing that would not further.

Why is line 3 of Hexagram 28 the worst line?

Line 3 of Hexagram 28 is the worst line because it repeats the Judgement's warped ridgepole and then adds the word misfortune, which the Judgement itself withholds. It is a strong line in a strong place, hardened past usefulness, insisting on carrying the load without support. Moving, it becomes Hexagram 47, Oppression, which is the picture of strength worn down to nothing.

What do changing lines 4, 5 and 6 of Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, mean?

The upper three changing lines of Hexagram 28 cover support, sterile display and self-sacrifice. Nine in the fourth place reads: the ridgepole is braced, good fortune; if there are ulterior motives, it is humiliating. The same beam as the third line, now propped and holding, because this strong line sits in a yielding place and is willing to be helped. Moving, it produces Hexagram 48, The Well, the structure that must be lined to be of use. Nine in the fifth place reads: a withered poplar puts forth flowers, an older woman takes a husband, no blame, no praise. The tree blossoms at the crown instead of shooting from the root, which is display without regeneration. Moving, it produces Hexagram 32, Duration. Six at the top reads: one must go through the water, it goes over one's head, misfortune, no blame. The line describes fording a river past the point where the water covers the crown of the head. Moving, it produces Hexagram 44, Coming to Meet.

Lines three and four of Hexagram 28 are its interpretive heart: the same ridgepole with opposite outcomes. The difference is whether the strength consents to be supported from below. The fourth line has the first line as its correspondent, accepts the bracing, and receives good fortune, with one condition: if the propping is turned into a private arrangement, the result is humiliating. The fifth line shows the failure that looks like success. It is strong, central and correctly placed, yet its only companion is the soft line above it, so what it produces is flowers on a dying tree rather than shoots from a living root. The classic grants it neither blame nor praise, which for a fifth place is a cold verdict. The top line is the hexagram's ending: the water closes overhead, the outcome is misfortune, and yet no blame attaches, because the crossing was worth attempting and the person went under doing something rather than nothing.

Why is line 4 of Hexagram 28 good fortune when line 3 is misfortune?

Line 4 of Hexagram 28 receives good fortune because it is a strong line in a yielding place, which lets it accept the support of the first line beneath it, so the ridgepole is braced rather than bending. Line 3 is a strong line in a strong place and carries the load alone. The beam is identical in both lines; the willingness to be propped is what separates them.

What does the withered poplar flowering in line 5 of Hexagram 28 mean?

The flowering withered poplar in line 5 of Hexagram 28 means a late, showy revival that produces nothing lasting. Blossoms at the crown of a dying tree set no seed, unlike the root shoots of line 2. The paired image is an older woman taking a young husband, and the verdict, no blame and no praise, marks the whole episode as permitted, pleasant and without issue.

What does line 6 of Hexagram 28 mean by going over one's head?

Line 6 of Hexagram 28 describes wading across a ford until the water passes over the crown of the head, and it is the hexagram's picture of going under for a cause. The verdict is a pair: misfortune, then no blame. The undertaking fails and the person is not condemned for it, which readers take as the difference between a bad outcome and a wrong choice.

What are the nuclear and opposite hexagrams of Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance?

The nuclear hexagram of Hexagram 28 is Hexagram 1, The Creative, and its opposite is Hexagram 27, The Corners of the Mouth. The nuclear figure is built from the inner lines: places two, three and four of Great Preponderance are all solid and form Qian, and places three, four and five are also all solid and form Qian again, so the hidden core of Hexagram 28 is undiluted heaven. That single fact reframes the whole hexagram. The excess at the surface is not corruption, sloppiness or greed; it is creative force in a container too small for it. The opposite hexagram is found by reversing every line, and reversing the yin, yang, yang, yang, yang, yin of Hexagram 28 gives the yang, yin, yin, yin, yin, yang of Hexagram 27, nourishment, an open mouth with firm lines top and bottom. Hexagram 28 is also one of the eight figures in the Book of Changes that look identical when the whole hexagram is turned upside down, so in the King Wen sequence it pairs with 27 by complement rather than by inversion.

Both derived figures are used practically. The nuclear Qian tells a reader that the pressure in Hexagram 28 comes from something real and generative, which argues against solutions that consist of shrinking the ambition. Whatever is oversized here deserves a larger structure rather than a smaller life. The complementary Hexagram 27 names the missing discipline: measured intake, attention to what is taken in and what is let out, feeding the right things at the right rate. A situation reading as Great Preponderance is usually one where nothing has been declined in a long time. The neighboring contrast is Hexagram 62, Preponderance of the Small, which inverts the proportions with four yin lines around two yang in the middle, and whose advice is to attend to modest matters and let the large ones go. Between them the pair marks the two ways proportion fails. Under Hexagram 62 the small things are all there is. Under Hexagram 28 the great thing is all there is, and the surrounding structure has not been built to match.

What does the nuclear hexagram of Hexagram 28 add to a reading?

The nuclear hexagram of Hexagram 28 is Hexagram 1, The Creative, formed by two overlapping runs of solid lines inside the figure, and it tells the reader that the core of the overload is pure generative force. Guidance that follows from it favors giving the energy a bigger channel over damping it down, since the hidden Qian will not be talked into being smaller.

How does Hexagram 27 relate to Hexagram 28?

Hexagram 27, The Corners of the Mouth, is the complement of Hexagram 28: every line reversed. It precedes Da Guo in the King Wen sequence and pairs with it there, since both figures are unchanged when turned upside down. Where Hexagram 28 shows a load beyond the structure, Hexagram 27 governs nourishment and restraint, which is why it reads as the standing corrective to great preponderance.

How is Hexagram 62 different from Hexagram 28?

Hexagram 62, Preponderance of the Small, is the proportional mirror of Hexagram 28: four yielding lines surrounding two solid ones in the center, instead of four solid lines between two yielding ones. Hexagram 62 counsels attention to small matters and warns against large undertakings. Hexagram 28 has the opposite problem, a great matter with nothing built around it, and counsels having a destination.

How should Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, be read for a decision, a relationship or work?

For a decision, Hexagram 28 answers that the current arrangement will not hold and that the choice is between moving the weight and watching the beam bend further. The Judgement rules out the middle option of enduring in place, so a question phrased as should I keep going like this receives a clear no. What Hexagram 28 does not do is name the destination for you. It says only that having one is favorable, which puts the burden on the querent to convert vague strain into a specific move: a resignation, a filing, a conversation that changes the terms, a handover to someone else, a decision to raise capital rather than keep absorbing costs. Half measures fare badly here, because the hexagram is already at the extreme and small adjustments do not shift a load of this size. Two conditions attached elsewhere in the hexagram apply to any decision made under it. The Image asks that the move be made without needing anyone's approval and without bitterness afterward, and the fourth line warns that accepting support with an ulterior purpose ends in humiliation.

For a relationship, Hexagram 28 describes a bond carrying more than it was built for, which shows up as a wide gap in age, means or life stage, as one partner supporting the other entirely, or as feeling that has run far ahead of any stated commitment. The second line blesses the match that draws new growth from the younger root and calls it wholly favorable. The fifth line grants the match that flowers late no blame and no praise, marking it as harmless and unproductive. For work, Great Preponderance is the classic reading for one person or one system holding up an operation: the engineer who alone understands the codebase, the founder covering payroll from savings, the department that has absorbed three rounds of departures without replacement. The counsel is the fourth line's: real support accepted from below, or the load moved somewhere it can rest. Working harder inside the same structure is the third line, and the third line ends in Oppression.

What does Hexagram 28 mean when it answers a relationship question?

Hexagram 28 in a relationship reading points to a bond under more weight than its structure supports, often an imbalance in age, resources or investment. The hexagram permits it without romanticizing it. Line 2 blesses the unequal match that renews the older party, line 5 grants a late one no blame and no praise, and the Image asks the couple to bear the disapproval of others without resentment.

What does Hexagram 28 mean for work, business or money?

Hexagram 28 in a work or money reading describes an operation resting on a single load-bearing element: one person, one client, one funding source, one system nobody else understands. Its guidance is to add real support, following the braced ridgepole of line 4, or to move the weight entirely. Continuing to carry it alone is line 3, which the classic marks with misfortune and turns into Hexagram 47, Oppression.

What should you do when Hexagram 28 comes up with no changing lines?

When Hexagram 28 arrives with no changing lines, the reading rests on the Judgement and the Image alone: the ridgepole is bending, movement toward a definite destination is favorable, and success follows from it. With no line singled out, no particular remedy is being recommended. The instruction is the general one, which is to choose a direction, accept the solitude of choosing it, and stop holding.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the basic meaning of I Ching Hexagram 28?

I Ching Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, means that something strong has outgrown the thing holding it. The Chinese name Da Guo means great exceeding, and the hexagram shows four yang lines crowded into the middle with a single yin line at each end. The classical picture is a roof beam thick in the center and thin where it rests, bending under its own weight. Hexagram 28 marks an extraordinary interval that cannot be sustained at its present size.

Is Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, a lucky hexagram?

Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, is neither lucky nor unlucky in the ordinary sense, and its Judgement ends with the word success. What makes Hexagram 28 favorable or ruinous is the response. Weight released through movement produces the success the Judgement promises. Weight that is simply held produces the misfortune of the third line, where the ridgepole reaches its breaking point. The hexagram is a strain reading, and strain answers to what you do with it.

Which trigrams make up Hexagram 28 in the I Ching?

Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, is built from Xun, the trigram of wind and wood, in the lower position, and Dui, the trigram of the lake or marsh, in the upper position. Xun supplies the tree and the yielding root; Dui supplies standing water with no banks to contain it. Water above wood gives the Image of a lake risen over the treetops, which is why Hexagram 28 reads as submersion rather than rainfall on a forest.

What is the ridgepole in Hexagram 28 of the I Ching?

The ridgepole in Hexagram 28 is the main roof beam of a traditional timber house, the single member that carries the whole load between two walls. The hexagram lines draw it directly: heavy yang in the middle, thin yin at each bearing point. The Judgement of Hexagram 28 says the ridgepole sags, and the third and fourth lines return to the same beam, one showing it warped past saving and the other showing it propped and holding.

Which changing line of Hexagram 28 is the most favorable?

The second line of Hexagram 28 is the most favorable, and one of the very few lines in the Book of Changes ending with the phrase nothing that would not further. Its text reads that a dry poplar sprouts at the root and an older man takes a young wife. Renewal enters at the base rather than the crown, which is exactly what a top-heavy hexagram needs. The fourth line, the braced ridgepole, is the next best.

What does Hexagram 28 mean for a marriage or a new relationship?

Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, points to a bond carrying more than its structure was built for, whether that is a gap in age or circumstance, a heavy dependency, or feeling far ahead of any agreement. The hexagram does not forbid it. The second line blesses an unequal match that draws new life from the younger root, while the fifth line grants one no blame and no praise, calling it a flowering that sets no seed.

What hexagram does Hexagram 28 become when all six lines change?

When every line of Hexagram 28, Great Preponderance, changes, it becomes Hexagram 27, The Corners of the Mouth, the hexagram of nourishment. The two are complements: flip each of the six lines of Da Guo and you get Yi. The pairing is instructive, since 27 governs what a person takes in and gives out, and measured intake is the standing corrective for the excess described by Hexagram 28.